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| BITUMEN |
| A non-crystalline solid or viscous material having adhesive properties derived from petroleum either by natural or refinery processes, and substantially soluble in carbon disulphide. Bitumen are black or brown in colour.
This may occur naturally but are usually made as end products from distillation of or extracts from, selected petroleum oils. |
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| Penetration Of Bitumen |
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STANDARD
IS 1203 : 1978
DEFINITION
This test is done to determine the penetration of bitumen as per IS: 1203 - 1978.
The principle is that the penetration of a bituminous material is the distance in tenths of a mm, that a standard needle would penetrate vertically, into a sample of the material under standard conditions of temperature, load and time. |
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 Softening Point
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STANDARD
IS: 1205 - 1978.
DEFINITION
Softening point is the temperature at which the substance attains a particular degree of softening under specified conditions of test.
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Ductility
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STANDARD
IS 1208 : 1978
DEFINITION
This test is done to determine the ductility of distillation residue of cutback bitumen, blown type bitumen and other bituminous products as per IS: 1208 - 1978.
The principle is : The ductility of a bituminous material is measured by the distance in cm to which it will elongate before breaking when a standard briquette specimen of the material is pulled apart at a specified speed and a specified temperature.
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Viscosity
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STANDARD
IS 1206 (Part 2) : 1978
DEFINITION
Viscosity is defined as inverse of fluidity. Viscosity thus defines the fluid property of bituminous material. The degree of fluidity at the application temperature greatly influences the ability of the bituminous material to spread, penetrate into the voids and also coat the aggregates and hence affects the strength characteristics of the resulting paving mixes
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Specific Gravity
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STANDARD
IS 1202 : 1978
This test is done to determine the specific gravity of semi-solid bitumen road tars, creosote and anthracene oil as per IS: 1202 - 1978. The principle is that it is the ratio of mass of a given volume of bitumen to the mass of an equal volume of water, both taken at a recorded/specified temperature.
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Marshall Stability And Flow
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This test is done to determine the Marshall stability of bituminous mixture as per ASTM D 1559. The principle of this test is that Marshall stability is the resistance to plastic flow of cylindrical specimens of a bituminous mixture loaded on the lateral surface. It is the load carrying capacity of the mix at 60oC and is measured in kg. The apparatus needed to determine Marshall stability of bituminous mixture is:
i) Marshall stability apparatus
ii) Balance and water bath
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